Can you provide evidence that each Vitality ingredient extends lifespan and/or improves healthspan in animal models?Updated 19 days ago
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG): A metabolite used by our mitochondria to make energy, supports mitochondrial function and increases lifespan and healthspan in mice.
Shahmirzadi et al. Alpha-ketoglutarate, an endogenous metabolite, extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in aging mice. Cell Metabolism 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004
Wang et al. Alpha-ketoglutarate ameliorates age-related osteoporosis via regulating histone methylations. Nature Communications 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19360-1
Zhang et al. α-ketoglutarate delays age-related fertility decline in mammals. Aging Cell 2021; https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13291
Tian et al. Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate promotes beige adipogenesis and prevents obesity in middle-aged mice. Aging Cell 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13059
Resveratrol: A molecule found in grapes and red wine, has been shown to increase survival in mice fed a high-fat diet. Under control conditions, resveratrol has also been reported to improve mouse healthspan.
Valenzano et al. Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. Current Biology 2006; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.038
Baur et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature 2006; https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05354
Dal-Pan et al. Cognitive performances are selectively enhanced during chronic caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation in a primate. PLoS One 2011; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016581
Pearson et al. Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span. Cell Metabolism 2008; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.06.011
Quercetin: In mice, quercetin increases healthspan and helps clear senescent cells, reduce muscle fibrosis, and augment exercise endurance. While small amounts of quercetin are found in several foods, including onions, apples, berries, leafy greens, and grape skins, one would have to eat extremely large quantities of these foods each day to get the amount of quercetin readily available in Vitality.
Geng et al. Low-dose quercetin positively regulates mouse healthspan. Protein Cell 2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-019-0646-8
Xu et al. Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age. Nature Medicine 2018; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0092-9
Li et al. Quercetin improves cognitive disorder in aging mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Food & Function 2021; https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01900c
Yu et al. Quercetin reverses cardiac systolic dysfunction in mice fed with high-fat diet: Role of angiogenesis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8875729
Fisetin: This molecule promotes longevity in mice by clearing zombie-like senescent cells, and, importantly, its senolytic effects have been reported in both mice and humans. While small amounts of fisetin are found in several foods, including strawberries, apples, grapes, onions, and cucumbers, one would have to eat large quantities of these foods each day to get the amount of fisetin readily available in Vitality.
Yousefzadeh et al. Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine 2018; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.015
Currais et al. Fisetin reduces the impact of aging on behavior and physiology in the rapidly aging SAMP8 Mouse. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2018; https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx104
Mahoney et al. Fisetin supplementation improves age-related vascular endothelial function by suppressing cellular senescence and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The FASEB Journal 2022; https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R1931
Camell et al. Senolytics reduce coronavirus-related mortality in old mice. Science 2021; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe4832
Spermidine: promotes longevity in mice by inducing autophagy, the recycling program our cells use to clean out debris and dysfunctional components. In mice, spermidine helps maintain cardiac function, decrease inflammation, reduce the risk of heart disease, and boost anti-cancer immunity.
Eisenberg et al. Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nature Medicine 2016; https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4222
Schroeder et al. Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function. Cell Reports 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108985
Filfan et al. Long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged Sprague-Dawley male rats. Geroscience 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00173-5
Al-Habsi et al. Spermidine activates mitochondrial trifunctional protein and improves antitumor immunity in mice. Science 2022; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj3510