Can you provide evidence that each Vitality ingredient extends lifespan and/or improves healthspan in animal models?Updated 4 months ago

Alpha-ketoglutarate:

• Shahmirzadi et al. Alpha-ketoglutarate, an endogenous metabolite, extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in aging mice. Cell Metabolism 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004
• Wang et al. Alpha-ketoglutarate ameliorates age-related osteoporosis via regulating histone methylations. Nature Communications 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19360-1
• Zhang et al. α-ketoglutarate delays age-related fertility decline in mammals. Aging Cell 2021; https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13291
• Tian et al. Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate promotes beige adipogenesis and prevents obesity in middle-aged mice. Aging Cell 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13059

Resveratrol:

• Valenzano et al. Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. Current Biology 2006; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.038
• Baur et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature 2006; https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05354
• Dal-Pan et al. Cognitive performances are selectively enhanced during chronic caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation in a primate. PLoS One 2011; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016581
• Pearson et al. Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span. Cell Metabolism 2008; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.06.011

Quercetin:

• Geng et al. Low-dose quercetin positively regulates mouse healthspan. Protein Cell 2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-019-0646-8
• Xu et al. Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age. Nature Medicine 2018; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0092-9
• Li et al. Quercetin improves cognitive disorder in aging mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Food & Function 2021; https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01900c
• Yu et al. Quercetin reverses cardiac systolic dysfunction in mice fed with high-fat diet: Role of angiogenesis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8875729

Fisetin:

• Yousefzadeh et al. Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine 2018; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.015
• Currais et al. Fisetin reduces the impact of aging on behavior and physiology in the rapidly aging SAMP8 Mouse. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2018; https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx104
• Mahoney et al. Fisetin supplementation improves age-related vascular endothelial function by suppressing cellular senescence and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The FASEB Journal 2022; https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R1931
• Camell et al. Senolytics reduce coronavirus-related mortality in old mice. Science 2021; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe4832

Spermidine:

• Eisenberg et al. Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nature Medicine 2016; https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4222
• Schroeder et al. Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function. Cell Reports 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108985
• Filfan et al. Long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged Sprague-Dawley male rats. Geroscience 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00173-5
• Al-Habsi et al. Spermidine activates mitochondrial trifunctional protein and improves antitumor immunity in mice. Science 2022; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj3510